LDS State of Souls Wrong

Well, all three letters that Alma wrote to his wayward son repudiates LDS doctrine, but we will stick to the verses you cited.

Alma 40

13 And then shall it come to pass, that the spirits of the wicked, yea, who are evil—for behold, they have no part nor portion of the Spirit of the Lord; for behold, they chose evil works rather than good; therefore the spirit of the devil did enter into them, and take possession of their house—and these shall be cast out into outer darkness; there shall be weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth, and this because of their own iniquity, being led captive by the will of the devil.
14 Now this is the state of the souls of the wicked, yea, in darkness, and a state of awful, fearful looking for the fiery indignation of the wrath of God upon them; thus they remain in this state, as well as the righteous in paradise, until the time of their resurrection.

Does that sound like the idea you teach as "spirit prison"? Your concept of spirit prison is more like a school where righteous elders go from Paradise to teach these anxious inhabitants of this school the gospel that they rebelled against while in life, the state of probation. Once these students accept the Gospel there and proxy baptisms, they can move over to paradise to await a glorious resurrection where they will be happy beyond all comprehension. Do I have that right?

Does Alma's description sound anything like that?

The spirits of the wicked, yea, who are evil (they chose evil works rather than good) are not in some kind of cottage meeting with the missionaries! Indeed, even if that were the case, they would not be in a possition to be converted. You say often, "we don't convert people. The spirit of God does that". But we see "they have no part nor portion of the Spirit of the Lord". Therefore, they cannot be converted especially since "the spirit of the devil did enter into them, and take possession of their house".

Previously, Alma said in Alma 34

34. Ye cannot say, when ye are brought to that awful crisis, that I will repent, that I will return to my God. Nay, ye cannot say this; for that same spirit which doth possess your bodies at the time that ye go out of this life, that same spirit will have power to possess your body in that eternal world.
35. For behold, if ye have procrastinated the day of your repentance even until death, behold, ye have become subjected to the spirit of the devil, and he doth seal you his; therefore, the Spirit of the Lord hath withdrawn from you, and hath no place in you, and the devil hath all power over you; and this is the final state of the wicked.

You believe, I assume, that death has some kind of healing effect on wicked people that opens them up to gospel conversion. We see that is not the case according to the Book of Mormon prophet Alma. According to him, your destiny is fixed at death, who die in their sins, and your "final destination" is determined at that point. The devil “doth seal you his”!

King Benjamin expressly taught this.

Mosiah 2

38. Therefore if that man repenteth not, and remaineth and DIETH AN ENEMY TO GOD, the demands of divine justice do awaken his immortal soul to a lively sense of his own guilt, which doth cause him to shrink from the presence of the Lord, and doth fill his breast with guilt, and pain, and anguish, which is like AN UNQUENCHABLE FIRE, WHOSE FLAME ASCENDETH UP FOREVER AND EVER.
39. And now I say unto you, that mercy hath no claim on that man; therefore HIS FINAL DOOM IS TO ENDURE A NEVER-ENDING TORMENT.

1 Nephi 15:33 Wherefore, if they should DIE IN THEIR WICKEDNESS they must be cast off also,

Mosiah 2:33 For behold, there is a wo pronounced upon him who listeth to obey that spirit; for if he listeth to obey him, and remaineth and DIETH IN HIS SINS, the same drinketh damnation to his own soul; for he receiveth for his wages an everlasting punishment,

Mosiah 15:26 But behold, and fear, and tremble before God, for ye ought to tremble; for the Lord redeemeth none such that rebel against him and DIE IN THEIR SINS; YEA, EVEN ALL THOSE THAT HAVE PERISHED IN THEIR SINS ever since the world began, that have wilfully rebelled against God, that have known the commandments of God, and would not keep them; these are they that have no part in the first resurrection.

Alma 12:16 And now behold, I say unto you then cometh a death, even a second death, which is a spiritual death; then is a time that whosoever DIETH IN HIS SINS, AS TO A TEMPORAL DEATH, shall also die a spiritual death;

Even your Pearl of Great Price confirms this.

Moses 7:1 AND it came to pass that Enoch continued his speech, saying: Behold, our father Adam taught these things, and many have believed and become the sons of God, and many have believed not, and have PERISHED IN THEIR SINS, and are looking forth with fear, in torment, for the fiery indignation of the wrath of God to be poured out upon them.

Jesus himelf said in John 8:21 Then said Jesus again unto them, I go my way, and ye shall seek me, and shall DIE IN YOUR SINS: whither I go, ye cannot come.

I am not the only one to notice this. D. Oaks does too. However, he says "The Book of Mormon teaches....But...". Anytime you acknowledge the teachings of the Book of Mormon and append a big "but", you are a false prophet.

"The Book of Mormon teaches that ‘this life is the time for [us] to prepare to meet God.’ But that challenging limitation to ‘this life’ was given a hopeful context (at least to some extent for some persons) by what the Lord revealed to President Joseph F. Smith..." (President Dallin H. Oaks, Kingdoms of Glory, October 2023 General Conference)

Anyone who says, "although the Book of Mormon urges" and contradicts in in the same breath, you can be sure he is a false prophet.

"...although we are urged not to procrastinate our repentance during mortality (see Alma 13:27), we are taught that some repentance is possible there (see Doctrine and Covenants 138:58)". (President Dallin H. Oaks, Trust in the Lord, October 2019 General Conference)

Jesus and Nephi tell us there is a gulf between paradise and hell that cannot be crossed, not even by your righteous elders. You may have missed Nephi's discussion with his brothers regarding the River of Filthy Water.

1 Nephi 15

26. And they said unto me: What meaneth the river of water which our father saw?
27. And I said unto them that the water which my father saw was filthiness; and so much was his mind swallowed up in other things that he beheld not the filthiness of the water.
28. And I said unto them that it was an awful gulf, which separated the wicked from the tree of life, and also from the saints of God.
29. And I said unto them that it was a representation of that awful hell, which the angel said unto me was prepared for the wicked.
30. And I said unto them that our father also saw that the justice of God did also divide the wicked from the righteous; and the brightness thereof was like unto the brightness of a flaming fire, which ascendeth up unto God forever and ever, and hath no end.
31. And they said unto me: Doth this thing mean the torment of the body in the days of probation, or doth it mean the final state of the soul after the death of the temporal body, or doth it speak of the things which are temporal?
32. And it came to pass that I said unto them that it was a representation of things both temporal and spiritual; for the day should come that they must be judged of their works, yea, even the works which were done by the temporal body in their days of probation.
33. Wherefore, if they should die in their wickedness they must be cast off also, as to the things which are spiritual, which are pertaining to righteousness; wherefore, they must be brought to stand before God, to be judged of their works; and if their works have been filthiness they must needs be filthy; and if they be filthy it must needs be that they cannot dwell in the kingdom of God; if so, the kingdom of God must be filthy also.
34. But behold, I say unto you, the kingdom of God is not filthy, and there cannot any unclean thing enter into the kingdom of God...

We see the righteous and the wicked are separated by the justice of God which divides and the brightness thereof was like unto the brightness of a flaming fire, which ascendeth up unto God forever and ever, and hath no end. We see that which side of the river one ends up on is determined at death by the works which were done by the temporal body in their days of probation. That separation into two (2) groups continues after the judgement.

35. ...wherefore the final state of the souls of men is to dwell in the kingdom of God, or to be cast out because of that justice of which I have spoken.
36. Wherefore, the wicked are rejected from the righteous, and also from that tree of life...

Luke 16

25. But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou IN THY LIFETIME receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented.
26. And beside all this, between us and you THERE IS A GREAT GULF FIXED: SO THAT THEY WHICH WOULD PASS FROM HENCE TO YOU CANNOT; NEITHER CAN THEY PASS TO US, THAT WOULD COME FROM THENCE.

You, again, say that the students, upon accepting the Gospel and proxy baptism, can move over to paradise. But your citation states,

"Now this is the state of the souls of the wicked, yea, in darkness, and a state of awful, fearful looking for the fiery indignation of the wrath of God upon them; thus they remain in this state, as well as the righteous in paradise, until the time of their resurrection". Notice the UNTIL, "until the time of their resurrection". He teaches this earlier in your citation when he wrote, "the state of the souls of the wicked, yea, in darkness, and a state of awful, fearful looking for the fiery indignation of the wrath of God upon them; thus they remain in this state, as well as the righteous in paradise, until the time of their resurrection".

Even your Doctrine and Covenants 38 agrees.

4. ....I say, even as many as have believed in my name, for I am Christ, and in mine own name, by the virtue of the blood which I have spilt, have I pleaded before the Father for them.
5. But behold, the residue of the wicked have I kept in chains of darkness until the judgment of the great day, which shall come at the end of the earth;
6. And even so will I cause the wicked to be kept, that will not hear my voice but harden their hearts, and wo, wo, wo, is their doom.

I could go on, but the above should demonstrate that your citation gives no explanation of LDS doctrine although it does demonstrate what the Book of Mormon teaches on the subject that may be new insights. Sadly, the Book of Mormon blows out of the water your concept of the state of the soul between death and the resurrection.